The Skeleton

The Skeleton

• Functions of the skeleton
  Support
  – to give the body shape and support soft tissues
  Protection
  –some organs such as the brain, heart and lungs are protected by the skeleton
  Movement
  –muscles are attached to bone
  Mineral storage
  Production of red blood cells


• Structure of Bone
  Joint
  –A place where two or more bones meet
  Cartilage
  –A layer of tissue found on bones between joints which reduces friction
  Spongy bone
  –Responsible for production of red blood cells
  Medullary cavity
  –Produces white blood cells
  Compact bone
  – The outer layer of bone which is hard


• Connective Tissue
  Adipose tissue
  – Its main function is to store fat. It is also used for insulation
  Tendons
  – Connect muscle to bone. Inelastic fibers made of collagen
  Ligaments
  – Connect two bones together at a joint. Also made of collagen
  Muscular tissue
  –Muscles cause movement in the body when they contract


• Muscle Types
  Skeletal muscle
  –Voluntary muscle attached to bones
  –It is under conscious control
  –Example: muscles in legs
  Smooth muscle
  –Involuntary muscle that lines internal organs such as the oesophagus
  Cardiac muscle
  –Involuntary muscle that does not fatigue
  –Found in the heart